Database Project on University Timetable - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1906 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Knowledge Essay Did you like this example? Table of Contents 1. Introduction2 1. 1. Purpose2 1. 2. Scope2 1. 3. Technologies to be used2 1. 4. Overview2 2. Overall Description2 2. 1. Goals of proposed system2 2. 2. Background2 2. 3. Project Requirements2 2. 4. User Characteristics2 2. 5. Hardware Requirements2 2. 5. 1. Processor RAM Disk Space2 2. 6. Software Requirements2 2. 6. 1. Operating System2 2. 6. 2. Application(s)2 2. 6) Definitions of problems2 2. 7. Alternative Solutions2 3. Feasibility Study2 3. 1. Steps in feasibility analysis2 3. 2. Technical feasibility2 3. 2. 1. Front-end and back-end selection2 3. 2. 2. Front-end selection2 3. 3. Economical feasibility2 3. 4. Operational Feasibility2 3. 5. Schedule feasibility2 4. General Information2 4. 1. Entities2 4. 2. ERD Diagram2 4. 3. Data Dictionary and Normalization2 5. Testing2 6. Conclusion2 List of Tables Table 1: Entity course2 Table 2: Entity Lecturer2 Table 3: Entity Room2 Table 4: Entity subject2 Table 5: Entity subject_timetable2 1. Introduction Pu rpose The project aims to make an online university timetable which provides facilities to teachers and student to check out the classes that are going on presently. The purpose of creating a database is to keep track of class schedules and location. As current work is all paper based, an approach towards automation is being made to reduce human efforts by preventing them to look for a particular class in an index. The purpose of database on the whole is to: * Maintain daily time table such as information related to class schedule. * Provide information about teacher, room number and subject being taught Scope Interface and database on a back end that are being used can provide a greater scope and opportunities for students and teachers to look for their room number rather than contacting Admin Dept. to ask for the room number. Technologies to be used Initially, our intended goal was to create web-based application but due to lack of knowledge on working ASP. NET and other rel ated technologies, our application will be desktop based. This application will be designed on Visual Studio 2005. Following technologies are used in our project * MS Visio (For designing ERD diagram) * SQL Server 2005 (Database design and creation of database schema) * Visual Studio (for form design, interface and testing) Overview Main facilities that are associated with this project are:- †¢ Maintaining records of Classes, Room No, Computer lab, Teacher Information. †¢ Maintaining Notice Board for the students. Maintaining Every Section records. Overall Description Goals of proposed system * Planned approach towards working: It is necessary that the process, for its smooth on-going, should be well organized and structured. All the data will be stored properly in data stores, which will help in retrieval of information as well as its storage. * Accuracy: The level of accuracy in the proposed system will be higher. All operation would be done correctly and it ensures th at whatever information is coming from the center is accurate. * Reliability: The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the above stated reasons. The reason for the increased reliability of the system is that now there would be proper storage and retrieval of information. * No Redundancy: In the proposed system, we can assure that no Information is repeated anywhere, in storage or otherwise. On the contrary, if a proposed system is paper based, there are high chances of redundant data. * Immediate retrieval of information: The main objective of proposed system is to provide for a quick and efficient retrieval of information. * Immediate storage of information: In manual system, there are many problems to store the huge amount of data and handling them. Easy to Operate: The system should be easy to operate and should be such that it can be developed within a short period of time and fit in the limited budget of the user. Background As students enter universit y, they look for their classes. They waste their precious time and knowledge while finding their classes. They have certain things in their mind such as â€Å"Where will be the class? †, â€Å"Is today’s class cancelled? †, â€Å"Is teacher available? â€Å", etc. For that concern, students have to rely on Academic controller to provide them with their desired information. Thus, Academic controller also gets busy in solving student queries rather than performing other important tasks. Project Requirements Following are the project requirements * The DBMS should be a generic software system, independent of any database instance. * The DBMS should have a user friendly and interactive interface. * The DBMS should have features for backup and recovery of data stored in the database. * The DBMS should provide for efficient retrieval of required data elements. * The DBMS should allow for constraints enforcement like data integrity, and referential integrity. The DBMS should allow for the definition of primary keys and indexing on the basis of keys. * The DBMS should allow for the definition of dependencies between tables. * The database tables must be modifiable with ease. * The DBMS must allow for selection of the specific database instance. * The DBMS must ensure that its operations are performed within reasonable limits of time and resources. User Characteristics Every user should be: * Comfortable of working with computer. * Able to understand the proposed system properly which means that interface to be designed with respect to human computer interaction. Having ‘read only’ access so that they can at least view the data. Hardware Requirements Processor RAM Disk Space * Pentium IV or higher * 512 MB RAM or higher * 40GB Hard Disk Software Requirements Operating System * Win-98, Win-XP, Win-2003, Linux(with GUIs) Application(s) * SQL Server * MS Visio * Visual Studio 2005 2. 6) Definitions of problems Problems with conventio nal system * Lack of immediate retrievals The information is very difficult to retrieve like, for example, to find out about the class room, students have to inquire Academic controller to know about their class room. Lack of immediate information storage The information that is being generated, such as any extra class, takes times and efforts to be stored at right place. * Lack of prompt updating Various changes to information like Classroom change, Teacher Availability, Class Schedules. Alternative Solutions This system provides online storage/ update and retrieval facility. This system promises very less or no paper work and also helps Student and Academic Controller staff. This system is fully automated so that information can be retrieved very easily without searching for data at various places. Feasibility Study Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its workability, impact of the organization, ability to meet needs and effective use of the resources. I t focuses on these major questions: * What resources are available for given system? * What are the likely impacts of the system on the organization? * Whether it is worth to solve the problem? Steps in feasibility analysis Steps that are involved in the feasibility analysis are: 1. Form a project team and appoint a project leader: A group of three people is formed out of which one is selected as project leader and other two as a team member. Team Leader * Rameez Xaveri Team Member(s) * Ali Asghar * Meysam Alizadeh 2. Assign each Group member a particular Task After forming a team, task was distributed among team members. Each individual is given some tasks that lead to the success of the project. Rameez Xaveri: He designed and implemented the front end for this project on MS Visual Studio 2005. Ali Asghar: He prepared the report for this project. Meysam Alizadeh: He designed the database on MS SQL Server 2005. 3. Prepare system flow charts All the system flow charts are designed on MS Visio which helped us in designing the database. 4. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effective of each proposed system 5. Weight system performance and cost data. Technical feasibility Front-end and back-end selection An important issue for the development of a project is the selection of suitable front-end and back-end. When we decided to develop the DBMS we went through an extensive study to determine the most suitable platform that suits the needs of the users. The aspects of our study included the following factors. Front-end selection 1. It must have a graphical user interface that every Non technical User can understand it easily. . Scalability and extensibility. 3. Flexibility. 4. Platform independent. 5. Easy to debug and maintain. According to the above stated features we selected Visual Studio 2005 as the front-end for developing our project. Economical feasibility Economical Feasibility means that how much it cost the organization for implementing the software. Does it fulfill the users’ needs, Does it beneficial to the university. The financial and the economic questions during the preliminary investigation are verified to estimate the following: †¢ The cost to conduct a full system. The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered. †¢ The benefits in the form of reduced cost. †¢ This feasibility checks whether the system can be developed with the available funds. The University Time Table Management System does not require enormous amount of money to be developed. Operational Feasibility The points to be considered are: †¢ What changes will be brought with the system? †¢ What new skills will be required? Do the existing staff members have these skills? If not, can they be trained in due course of time? The system is operationally feasible as it is very easy for the end users to operate it. It only needs basic information about Windows platform. Schedule feasibil ity Time evaluation is the most important consideration in the development of project. The time schedule required for the developed of this project is very important since more development time affects machine time and causes delay in the development of other systems. A reliable University Time table Management system can be developed in the considerable amount of time. General Information Entities 1. Tb_course 2. Tb_lecturer 3. Tb_room 4. Tb_subject 5. Tb_subject_timetable ERD Diagram Data Dictionary and Normalization Column Name| Column Type| Description| Course_id| Int (primary key)| ID associated with the course| Course_name| Varchar(30)| Name of the course| Table [ 1 ]: Entity course Column Name| Column Type| Description| Lecturer_ID| Int (primary key)| ID associated with the lecturer| Lecturer_name| Varchar(35)| Name of the lecturer| Table [ 2 ]: Entity Lecturer Column Name| Column Type| Description| Room_ID| Int (primary key)| ID associated with the room| Room_number| Int| In which room class is going on| Table [ 3 ]: Entity Room Column Name| Column Type| Description| Subject_id| Int (primary key)| ID associated with the course| Subject_name| Varchar(30)| Name of the course| C_id| Int(foreign key to tb_course. course_id)| Course id for building up relationship between two tables| Lecturer_id| Int(foreign key to tb_lecturer. lecturer_id)| Lecturer id for building up relationship between two tables| Table [ 4 ]: Entity subject Column Name| Column Type| Description| ID| Int (primary key)| ID associated with the course| Subject_ID| Int(foreign key to tb_subject. ubject_id)| Subject ID for building up relationship between two tables| Room_ID| Int(foreign key to tb_room. room_id)| Room ID for building up relationship between two tables| Course_Id| Int(foreign key to tb_course. course_id)| Course ID for building up relationship between two tables| hour| Int| For how long the class will be held| Time_start| Int| At what time the class will be started| Day s| Varchar(30)| On which day class will be held| Table [ 5 ]: Entity subject_timetable Testing University Timetable Data Base has been fully tested on the Windows XP / VISTA / 7 Operating System, installed on an INTEL-PC Compatible System. Performance restrictions and efficiency considerations of Timetable Data Base were affected by the performance of the Operating System on which it was deployed. Conclusion The Timetable Relational Database Management System is successfully designed, implemented, tested and deployed. It is able to efficiently store, retrieve data from database tables stored on disk files as and when requested. The University Timetable Data Base front – end Application is able to suitably format and display the retrieved database information to the user in a comprehensive manner. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Database Project on University Timetable" essay for you Create order

Essay about Operation Management - 3745 Words

1.0 Introduction Customer call centers are increasingly playing a crucial role in providing higher customer satisfaction (Anton, 1997). Many business organizations have invest heavily in call centers as they see it as an effective way to keep customer satisfied as well as gaining competitive advantages. The purpose of this study is to critically access the operational method and strategies adopted in a technical support department of a call center in order to provide maximum customer satisfaction. The selected organization is a multinational information technology (IT) corporation from the United State. The company provides IT related hardware and services to home and business users across 120 countries. It has about hundred thousand†¦show more content†¦2.1 Technical support department The technical support department consists of sixty technical support representatives (TSR) that divided into five teams. The primary role of TSR is to diagnose and provide guidance and solution to customers that are having issue with their devices. The contact method is via inbound calls where customers dial into a given toll free number. The department is in charge of twelve countries in Asia pacific. The department is not a revenue generator but it plays a significant role in providing customer satisfaction. It works hand in hand with sales and marketing, and customer service department as the customer facing role. 2.2 Who are the customers? Customers are users with issue or problem with their purchased devices. Normally, customers who dialed into technical support are in dissatisfied, impatient, frustrated or helpless stages due to the issues they are having with their devices. Thus, their expectation and demand are often high and seek to get the problem solved immediately. Thus, speed and service quality become the critical order winning factors. Slack et al. 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Skills Training and Human Resource Development †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Skills Training and Human Resource Development. Answer: Introduction Amazon is the first company in the world that started the online book retailing services. This name was termed as synonymous when it comes to ecommerce since it is one of the few internet brands that are recognized all around the world(Epstein, 2004). The superior customer service at amazon has been credited for its much celebrated success over the years. For some people, it can be seen that amazon had a first mover advantage, however, there is more to its success than this. According to ones of the companys philosophy, expensive inventory and spending money on brick warehousing is not needed to serve the new age customer, is that is required is the management of a website which can take customer orders and a supply chains that can ensure these products reach the individual(Epstein, 2004). Human Resource development at Amazon According to Goodwin, et al., (2014), human resource development strategy plays a very important role in the success of amazon. The ability of the company to attract an maintain capable employees has seen the organisation grow in terms of market expansion and employee growth. One of amazons focus is on strengthening the management team whereby it has appointed directors and senior managers in various workstations to ensure that customer order are taken and delivered within the scheduled time. Due to the fact that the companys business human resources development strategy provides a significant effect on the performance of the organisation, the company is able to achieve high performance and proving a link between its online selling strategy and market expansion. One of the reasons this has been achieved is through continued training of their staff on various aspect of online retailing. This enables their employees to be socially and technically competent to carry out responsibilities in the organisation(Wilson, 2014). This will also enable them become specialists in different departments and other managerial positions. The other question that always comes up is why human resources development is always important in organisations. with regard to this, there are other factors involved in managing a firm and this includes its intellectual property where employees are supposed to be a good resource that enables the firm gain competitive advantage. In this manner, employee training programs are among the best ways that ensure intellectual property of the firm is maintained as employees become competent enough to do this and enable the organisation succeed. Also, Chen Klimoski, (2007) adds that it is important for organisations to utilize and obtain effective human resources development. In this line, they need to be able to design the various areas in human resources management so that they can be able to fit in to the organisations goals and objectives. at this organisations need to be seen assisting the workforce to obtain the most important skills so as to increase their commitment to the organisati on(Goodwin, et al., 2014). There is particular more challenge for human resources management of Small Medium enterprises since most of them have difficulty in establishing human resource development. One of the reasons could be economic manipulation by multinationals, bureaucracy, poor organisation structures, poor education and lack of purchasing power. Even with the increasing effects of training or organisation employees by the online retailing company, there is still limited literature on the Human resource development challenges that these organisations face. There is also a growing concern from customers and the globalized business community on the low quality of services that the online retailing platform offers. It is also important to realize that while there is a lot of knowledge on the cost of training employees in the online retailing business, various studies also indicate that there is little evidence of continued training among employees working in international amazon stations, which needs to change. Kurosaki Khan, (2016) calls for a great focus on the Human resources development programs for these enterprises by ensuring effective training to increase performance. This project thus is going to contribute highly in reducing the gap between performance of the online company and other established multinationals with re gard to training and human resources development. With reference to the above introduction, the aim of this project is to assess the effects of training on employee performance among Small Medium Enterprises. To investigate existing training programs necessary for expansion of amazon business areas. To discuss training objectives and methodology Asses the performance of employee after training Importance of Employee Training program Employee training usually entails the training and development procedures for managers and employees in an organisation. Training programs are usually important for any organisation as they help in closing the gap between the current employee performance and the future performance. In this regard, training and development is an important aspect of human resources development and contributes highly in the overall human resources management of online platforms. Some of the functions activities that are entailed in training and development include identifying the training needs and development(Wilson, 2014). It will also entail the selection of the training methods and training programs that will go in line with the needs of the company. In the project it will also be important to come up with a plan of implementation to ensure that all aspect of a training project have been considered. According to Heyes, (2009), training and development policies of an organisation should be one that ensures the performance of employees is well evaluated. It should also be able to assure the management that the right training was offered to the right employees and department. One of the ways to ensure this is done is looking at organizations performance appraisal reports and organisation assessment findings so as to come up with development needs of the organisation. It is however important to also note that employees themselves will also provide much needed information to enable the human resourced department work on what needs to be improved as a result of the raised issues during the performance appraisal processes and the needs in career path. According to Kurosaki Khan (2016), such reports and assessments have been able to yield different aspects of organisation training. Wilson (2014) on the other side, looks at training as the systematic and planned modification of employee behavior through activities, learning events and their ability to carry out different work in a more effective manner. In this line, it is also important to note that as various researchers continue to investigate in the training needs for organisations, they will also look at the importance of the selected training. According to some of these researchers, it is important for employees to firstly recognize the importance of training which is heavily influenced by the increased competition in the global business world. Meaning that training is very important as it provides organisations with the chance to compete effectively in organisations. There is thus a great need to invest much on training program for the organisation, especially as it expands its business focus due to the developments in technologies and the cultural changes that they will face in other countries(Lagoudis, 2012). This has made organisations realize that their performance and success will be realized through increasing employee abilities and skills to work, thus a need for a continuous investment in training and development. Employee Training Needs According to Lewis (2007) the training and development of employees is usually done in three stages or organisations level. The first stage is the strategic level where the needs are determined by the top management with reference to the organizations mission and vision, problems and strategies to deal with the problem. In this manner, the organisation training needs are meant to fix or resolve these challenges in organisations(Kurosaki Khan, 2016). the other level is the tactical one where training needs will be determined by the middle management as the organisation considers development needs with regard to the coordination and cooperation between different organisation units(Goodwin, et al., 2014). Lastly is the operational level that looks at the lower level employees and management processes. This level will look at the challenges that employees face with regard to performance and individual employee relationship in the organisation. For an organisation to be in a better posit ion of formulating the subject of training its human resource, they will need to consider the goals of training and development methods and determine programs that will help in creating competitiveness and effectiveness of the program(Chen Klimoski, 2007). It is also important to give consideration to the provision of proper employee coordination and incorporate all the needs in three levels. one of the places to begin is assessing the relevance of the training. According to Wilson (2014), the organisation can be able to do this in three categories by firstly identifying underlying issues in the organisation that will need training. One of the main reason organisations training their employees is to resolve operational problems by improving performance of workers. The training is also important as it improves the training practices in the organisation where this looks at the improvement even when there are still performance challenges in the organisation(Chen Klimoski, 2007). Lastly training is meant to renew or change the operational strategy in the organisation by introducing new technologies and working conditions(Kurosaki Khan, 2016). It is also important to remember that when an organisation conducts training needs, it is important to always develop, create and maintain and improved system which is relevant in ensuring availability of experts to implement the training needs program(Goodwin, et al., 2014). In addition, it is very important that all training programs are able to take care of different needs. Also the program and content of the trainer need to be chosen with regard to the training objectives and the training program. Benefits of the program to employee Amazon One of the major reasons Amazon decides to train their employees is to make them improve in the knowledge of their work, change work attitudes and increase skills towards work related duties(Chen Klimoski, 2007). This means that training is one of the most important aspects of human resources development and it will enable the organisation meet both the short term and long term goals and benefits for the organisation. With regard to this program, it is intended the employee will benefit in the following way: Increased Morale at Work- It is expected that after the end of the training program, employees morale toward work will be increased. In this manner they will be able to execute a lot of confidence when dealing with clients and be motivated to perform more. Reduced cost of production - Due to training, employee and work related risk is also reduced. This is because once employees are trained the are in a better position to make good use of materials and inventory that is at their disposal. They will know how to use machines and organisations will also spend less on other areas of work. Reduced Employee Turnover- Employee training is also a way of retaining them in the organisations. when employees realize that they can gain career wise while working in the organisation it will be difficult to move to another place of work(Lewis, 2007). In addition, well trained employees perform better than untrained ones, this means that the firm will not find need to employee new staff. As they become more motivated to work, there will be a reduction of absenteeism and employee conflict which leads to turnover. Managing Change- training will be an important aspect of implementing and managing change in an organisation. This is because it provides employees with an increased understanding of the online retailing business, understanding between themselves and they are able to adopt faster in to the new technologies as they are introduced by the organisation(Chen Klimoski, 2007). Training will also provide employees with a chance to be recognized for both academic and professional achievements. They are given new responsibilities , increased wages and salaries and promotions opportunities come in offer. This also enables the availability of quality staff in the organisation. Human resource development literature also suggests different approaches for identifying training needs, which include the profile comparison approaches and problem centered which tries to fill the performance gap. In addition, several approaches to training of employee are used for analyzing the organisation needs with reference to new or current employees in the organisation. All in all, the basic and most important approaches are the problem centered and profile comparison approach(Goodwin, et al., 2014). The problem centered approach will mostly look in to difficulties in service delivery and performance and analyze the firm on whether it has required skills to run an online retailing business like amazon. It will then determine what training needs are required by the employees for the problem to be solved. The profile comparison approach on the other hand looks at the matching competences with the appointed job position(Lewis, 2007). For example, a supervisor in one of the colle ction centers will not fit to doing his work well if he does not have trained skills for the job. This is a case that mostly happen in family run businesses. thus there will be need for additional skills. According to the Behaviorism theory, the trainer will assume that both the positive and negative factors will influence learning. During the training, the trainer is going to praise employees in the way the trainer feels they deserve, during the process the trainer will be able to influence the employees towards a new set of behavior and adopt new procedures and policies as required by the organisation(Heyes, 2009). For example, the trainer can give them a test on retention material and reward those that pass the exam and call for a retake to all that fail. Also according to the constructivism theory, employees will actively participate in their own type of development and learning(Chen Klimoski, 2007). This is especially important for owners of SMEs who need to realize the need to appreciate the fact that their employees will incorporate past work experience and cultural background to the current roles in the organisation(Lagoudis, 2012). In this manner they will learn to take resp onsibility of their career development in the end be able to improve their morale and satisfaction at work. Conclusion SUBJECT TOTAL SESSIONS TARGET ESTIMATED AMOUNT (USD) Warehouse inventory management 3 Sessions running for 3 days Lower level employees 10,000 Internet traffic management at call centers 2 sessions All employees including supervisors 10,000 Networking online platforms and chartrooms 5 sessions including role play Managers 15000 Team Building 5 sessions including role play Project managers, supervisors and employees 20,000 Strategic Planning and Implementation of Projects 8 sessions including drafting of company strategic plan for 2017-2018 financial year. Managers and employees 25,000 Total costs $80,000 The following evaluation plan has been prepared to determine the effects of the Human resource development training so as to determine whether there is positive impact of the training or it will have to be conducted again. In this plan, the employee / trainee will be required to fill the questionnaire after completing all the sessions References Chen, G. Klimoski, R., 2007. Training and development of human resources at work: Is the state of our science strong?. Human Resource Management Review, 17(2), pp. 180-190. Epstein, M., 2004. Implementing e-commerce strategies: a guide to corporate success after the dot.com bust. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Goodwin, J., OConnor, H. Quinn, M., 2014. Training and labour needs of young workers in Vietnamese organisations. Education + Training, 56(1), pp. 35-46. Heyes, J., 2009. Heyes, J. 2009, "Skills, Training and Human Resource Development A Critical Text By Irena Grugulis. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(3), pp. 610-611. Kurosaki, T. Khan, H., 2016. Impact of human resource development training on crop damages by wild animals in developing countries: experimental evidence from rural Pakistan. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 8(3), pp. 388-403. Lagoudis, I. N., 2012. Decision support systems for human resource training and development. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 26(3). Lewis, P., 2007. Skills, Training and Human Resource Development: a Critical Text By Irena Grugulis. Human Resource Management Journal, 17(3), pp. 307-308. Wilson, J., 2014. International Human Resource Development: Learning, Education and Training for Individuals and Organisations (3rd ed.). Development and Learning in Organizations, 28(2).